Intraoperatively, they noted that the coracoacromial ligament, conjoint tendon, and
pectoralis minor remained attached to the coracoid fracture fragment.
In addition to the serratus anterior muscle, distal muscles that have been employed in facial reanimation include, but are not limited to, the rectus abdominis, the
pectoralis minor, the latissimus dorsi, and the gracilis.
From the medial border of the coracoid process measure 2 of the patient's fingerbreadths medially and 2 inferiorly onto the upper border of the
pectoralis minor muscle in the delto-pectoral groove.
Laterally,
pectoralis minor inserts onto the coracoid process, and the neurovascular bundle can be found lying posterior to the muscle and inferior and medial to the coracoid process.
While a medical student at Guy's Hospital, London, he dissected a male cadaver which lacked the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major and the
pectoralis minor, while the serratus anterior, the external oblique, and the muscles of the left arm were hypoplastic.
The weight of pectoralis major and
pectoralis minor muscles, which were dissected for sensory analysis, was also recorded and included as lean in carcass composition.