The elution of calcium from the CaCO3 (%Ca=40) which is built into the embryo skeleton and formation of
calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2) (%Ca=25) (Crook and Simkiss 1974) is responsible for the decrease of the calcium concentration.
From the buoyancy properties, it was observed that
calcium bicarbonate is essential for the floating, which liberates carbon dioxide in the form of effervescence, when it contact with the acidic medium.
Lime reacts with
calcium bicarbonate alkalinity and gives precipitates as follows (Tchobanoglous et al., 2003):
"The treatment is
calcium bicarbonate, made mostly out of bone, and is applied to the paper, and it gives the surface a tooth, so the silver can rub off on it.
Washington, Jan 20 (ANI): Scientists at Institute of Marine Sciences at UC Santa Cruz have found a way to encourage oceans' marine life by using seawater and calcium to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) in a natural gas power plant's flue stream, and then pumping the resulting
calcium bicarbonate in the sea.
Because both
calcium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate are simultaneously removed from the water, the solubility limit of calcium carbonate is not reached and scaling is inhibited.
Calcium bicarbonate is quite soluble in water and is the chief troublesome component of what is termed hard water.
The ground water in this area is mostly of
calcium Bicarbonate type.
New alternatives are being developed, including dissolution of C[O.sub.2] in a
calcium bicarbonate solution, akin to limestone weathering, and then pumping this solution in the ocean to dilute it (Rau et at., 2003).
* The ionization process does not turn calcium carbonate into
calcium bicarbonate. This would require acid.
* Hardness--The solubility of
calcium bicarbonate in water depends on pH, alkalinity and temperature.
In the case of calcium, which is carried from continental rocks in rivers as
calcium bicarbonate (Ca[HCO3]2) and precipitated as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the open ocean largely in the form of the tiny shells of foraminifera, most of the replacement must be due to the movement of the ocean floors towards coastal mountain-building belts; presumably, the rate of cyclical replacement would be measured in hundreds of millions of years.
Sixteen of the 35 sites were
calcium bicarbonate waters, five sites were sodium bicarbonate waters, thirteen were mixed cationic waters, and one was a mixed anionic, calcium chloride bicarbonate water.
For evaluating electrochemical performance of the inhibitors, 300 ppm of
calcium bicarbonate brine sample was taken for this study, with various dosage of polymers.
