blepharospasm

The left eye (OS) had blepharospasm and was diagnosed with blepharitis, a superficial but suspected infected corneal ulceration with cellular infiltration, positive fluorescein stain, and anterior uveitis (+1-2 flare; scale, trace to 44 flare).

- The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the supplemental Biologics License Application for Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA), broadening its indication to be a first-line treatment of blepharospasm (involuntary blinking) in adult patients, German pharmaceutical company Merz Pharma's US-based Merz Americas business said.

"I observed that [in] people I was treating for blepharospasm, the wrinkles between their eyes would be improved," he said.

Blepharospasm and irritation on the left eye started at 6 months of treatment.

Diagnosis of blepharospasm was considered based on the anamnesis and neurologic examination findings and botulinum toxin-A injection was planned (Figure 1).

these include conditions such as diplopia, blepharospasm, night

VKC is characterised by symptoms like itching, photophobia, watering, foreign body sensation, ptosis, thick mucus discharge, blepharospasm and signs like confluent papillary hypertrophy on the limbus and tarsal conjunctiva.

"Exposure can cause lacrimation, blepharospasm, burning sensation of throat & nose, chest tightness, sneezing, coughing & retching."

Blepharospasm is a periodic involuntary contraction of the orbicular muscle and can be part of clinical findings of dystonia or exist as a separate ophthalmological entity (1-3).

(1) With its nonspecific symptomatology, the differential diagnosis for hemifacial spasm is wide and includes facial tic, myokymia, blepharospasm, and tardive dyskinesia.

The disease is characterized by persistent itching, lacrimation, blepharospasm, corneal opacity and reduced performance (Radostitis et al., 2000).

Unlike blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm persists during sleep and is unrelated to hypersensory input.

Common clinical uses include blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, dystonia, and cosmetic imperfections [17].

Other minor symptoms can be of neurovegetative origin such as abnormal lacrimation, profuse sweating, hemicrania, hyper- or hyposalivation, blepharospasm, nausea, vomiting, facial tics, tetanic spasm, and paresthesia at the extremesofthelimbs[9].

Botulinum toxin in blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia: comparing different botulinum toxin preparations.