These receptors are primarily located in the human prostate, bladder base,
bladder neck, and the prostatic urethra.
Pathological examination of the whole specimen confirmed MM of the urethra, infiltrating the anterior vaginal wall and the
bladder neck, and all lymph nodes were positive for metastases (Figures 3 and 4).
Long-term assessment revealed that 3 patients (0.4%) developed
bladder neck contracture (2 patients at 6 months and 1 patient at 4 months following RARP) and managed with a single endoscopic
bladder neck incision.
The junction where the ureters attached to
bladder neck was ligated with catgut no.1 and then transected (Fig.
Level II supports the middle one-half of the vagina to the levator ani muscles and provides a firm base for
bladder neck and urethra.
Cystoscopy showed almost completely obstruction at the
bladder neck. In May 2014, a
bladder neck incision was performed, but, only one month later, another incident of urinary retention occurred.
Pelvic floor four-dimensional ultrasound indicated that
bladder neck mobility was slightly increasing, posterior wall of the bladder was slightly bulged, and anterior vaginal wall was slightly prolapsed in anterior compartment.
CT scan abdomen and pelvis with contrast was done, which revealed a large well circumscribed, round polypoidal mass measuring 4.4 x 4.5 cm at the posterior inferior surface of the bladder near the
bladder neck (Figure).
Two lines were marked initially; these lines originated at 5 o'clock and 7 o'clock at the
bladder neck and continued along the boundaries between the median and lateral lobes before terminating at the proximal margin of the verumontanum.
Cystoscopy revealed a large defect 2.5-3 cm present beyond
bladder neck. No fistulous opening was identified in vagina.
(12) found in their multivariate analysis that the duration of catheterization,
bladder neck preservation, and preoperative IIEF values were associated with early continence.
Patients in which only continent reconstruction were done, such as creation of Mitrofanoff, Monte, and
bladder neck reconstruction without AC, were also excluded.
A cystoscopy and
bladder neck resection were carried out for the urinary outlet obstruction.
This device consists of two anchors and a silicone tube that reduces resistance in the
bladder neck and prostatic urethra without stenting the external sphincter.
Alpha-blockers: Selective alpha-blockers--alfuzosin (Uroxatral[R]), silodosin (Rapaflo[R]) and tamsulosin (Flomax[R])--work by relaxing the smooth muscles in the
bladder neck and prostate.
