anastylosis

The Dutch thereby provided a direct example for the French in Indochina, who introduced the term anastylosis for this colonial practice of reconstruction (Bosch 1922:8-14; Bernet-Kempers 1978:93-7; Clementin-Ojha and Manguin 2001:97).

Due credit is given to Theodoor van Erp's sterling efforts that set the benchmark for anastylosis (the technique of dismantling a ruined monument, numbering each stone; and the careful fitting together of these and other loose building stones/sculptures that may be found scattered around it, to reassemble the structure) which was subsequently employed with much success at other sites in Java.

In the second stage of the project, cement used for restoration in 1930 was removed and the process of anastylosis of broken and fallen parts began.

The accepted approach, far outside the limits of anastylosis identified in the 1931 Athens Charter or the 1964 Venice Charter, reflected the educational objectives and contemporary standards of re-creating an historical sense of place.

Architects and engineers like Georges Parmentier, Henri Marshal, Georges Trouve, Maurice Glaize, and others worked endlessly to identify, clear, and restore the Angkor temples (with the method of anastylosis borrowed from Dutch conservationists in Java).