Amphisbaenia

The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians. Comptes.

Checklist of helminths from lizards and amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America.

(2012): Amphisbaenians from the European Eocene: a biogeographical review.

The amphisbaenian deviated from obstacles (small stones with mean diameter of approximately 20 mm) on two occasions while moving along the trail, after which it soon returned to the trail and continued to move forward (Fig.

Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata:Part II Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Morphological and physiological specialization for digging in amphisbaenians, an ancient lineage of fossorial vertebrates.

Peters JA, Donoso-Barros R (1970) Catalogue of the Neotropical squamata, Part II lizards and amphisbaenians. Buli.

The reptile segment (59 pages) covers all four reptilian orders: Testudines (turtles and tortoises), Crocodilia, Rhynchocephalia (tuataras), and Squamata (amphisbaenians, lizards, snakes).

The worm lizards (or amphisbaenians, the family Amphisbaenidae) are also legless burrowers with very smooth scales.

But the two largest orders - those of snakes and lizards - were not fully analyzed, nor was the order of legless amphisbaenians. Given these research gaps, and the high number of threatened species in the three fully assessed orders, the Red List's authors surmise that "the overall estimate of 20 percent of reptiles species as threatened is probably low for the entire class."

The tympanic membrane in many fossorial (burrowing) and semi-fossorial Lizards, such as the legless Anniella, as well as in other Reptiles, such as the Tuatara, Amphisbaenians, and, of course, Snakes are absent (Tumarkin, 1968; Kaplan, 2014).

Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Squamates (lizard, snakes and amphisbaenians), with the exception of fragmentary remains from Africa and India, are only known from localities in northern continents (Laurasia).

Catalogue of the tortoises, crocodiles and amphisbaenians in the collection of the British Museum.