Several agents are there, but perhaps, the most widely studied compound in the upper
aerodigestive tract has been 13-cis-retinoic acid.
4-6 A thorough examination of the upper
aerodigestive tract may be sufficient to locate and remove the embedded foreign body.
Direct laryngoscopy and oesophagoscopy are traditional methods of removal of foreign bodies of upper
aerodigestive tract.
Tobacco and alcohol are the major risk factors of upper
aerodigestive tract cancers, or head and neck cancers, including cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus.
The cancer of the upper
aerodigestive tract affects so important functions such as speech and swallowing.
In 22 patients with tonsillar granulomas from 1940 to 1999 in Washington, USA, only 3 had tonsillar tuberculosis; (15) this contrasts with 15 Thai patients (6) and 20 Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal tuberculosis between 1990 and 2002, (17) 45 Thai patients with upper
aerodigestive tract tuberculosis between 1991 and 2000, (18) and 10 patients from Hong Kong with nasopharyngeal tuberculosis.
These movement patterns are very closely integrated with breathing and movement of food through the
aerodigestive tract.
The study excluded anyone who had used PPIs within 30 days, or who had a history of
aerodigestive tract cancer, radiation therapy, surgery, or active upper gastrointestinal disease.
KEY WORDS: Alcohol and other drug (AOD) consumption; heavy drinking; chronic AOD use; ethanol metabolism; carcinogenesis; cancer; upper respiratory system cancer; oropharyngeal cancer; laryngeal cancer;
aerodigestive tract cancer; esophageal cancer; liver cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer; breast cancer; acetaldehyde; alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH); aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH); genetic factors; cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1); reactive oxygen species
Coverage includes an overview of the general mechanisms leading to cancer; a series of chapters addressing the correlations between alcohol and carcinogenicity, focusing on specific organs such as the upper
aerodigestive tract, liver, colon, pancreas and breast; and several chapters on the role of tobacco in lung and digestive tract cancers and their prevention, and the role of phytochemicals.
The procedure, which allows endoscopic visualization of the
aerodigestive tract from the nasal vestibule to the gastric cardia, is currently limited to a small number of U.
The gut-derived monoclonal antibodies to tTG from one individual with positive salivary results reacted specifically with fragment 1, confirming a dichotomy between the
aerodigestive tract and the gut in the gluten-dependent autoimmune response.
Dr Cristina Bosetti, who led the study at the Institute of Pharmacological Research, Milan, said: "This is the first quantitative evidence that taking aspirin may reduce the risk of developing cancers in the
aerodigestive tract, connecting the mouth and the stomach.
Dose-response relations were observed for death from hemato- and lymphopoietic cancers and from upper
aerodigestive tract cancers, adjusting for age, time since first monitored, pay type, and external (gamma) radiation dose.
