abomasum

Cows and other ruminants have a complex digestive system comprising of four stomachs namely the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. The abomasum is the equivalent of the human simple stomach but it only receives food that has been cleared by the first three stomachs.

Abomasum of newborn lambs or grass "dalama otu" (rennet grass) were used for fermentation.

After the cattle was slaughtered and eviscerated, the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum were put aside for detailed examination of IFB.

While a calf is born with a rumen, when they drink milk, the suckling action actually causes the milk to bypass the rumen and go straight into the abomasum, or "true stomach." As they begin to eat solid feedstuffs like hay, grass, and grain, their rumen starts to be used and finishes developing.

It has a four-chambered "stomach" consisting of the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. Such animals displaced many non-ruminants because they were more efficient in converting highly indigestible plants into food by fermenting them in their specialized stomachs.

Two species of Trichostrongylus occur in small ruminants: T axei, living in the abomasum, does not appear to be an important pathogen, but T colubriformis causes black scours and contributes to parasitic gastroenteritis, ill thrift and diarrhea in kids.

Vesicle on mammary gland, vulva can lead to mastitis and metritis respectively (OIE, 2012; Jubb et al., 2007).Vesicular lesions can extend up to rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. These diseases can lead to abortion in pregnant animals.

Abomasum parasitism lowers liver Cu status and influences the CuXMOXS antagonism in lambs.

The abomasum full weight was 124 [+ or -] 8.3 g, and the empty weight was 82 [+ or -] 4.1g.

Delayed detection can lead to fatty liver, displaced abomasum (twisted stomach), inflammation of the uterus, or a retained placenta.

The stem bark extract of Acacia oxyphylla against Ascaridia galli (Nematode), seeds of Carum capticum against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica has been observed for ovicidal as well as larvicidal activity against nematodes, leaves of Artimesiabervifolia (wormwood) and Zanthxylumzanthoxyloides (Fagara a native tree from Africa) in the form of powder has been proved effective upto 65% against eggs of Haemonchuscontortus in abomasum, hay of Cassava forage has been proved effective against eggs and larva of abomasal and intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats,

Dry cow diet, management, and energy balance as risk factors for displaced abomasum in high producing dairy herds.

However it is advisable to separate fluid and milk feeds by 2-3 hours so that there is no adverse effect on milk clotting in the abomasum.

After the first three chambers food moves into the abomasum for final digestion before processing by the intestines.

Contents of the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum were separately observed for the presence of parasites by sedimentation or sieving methods as are described in literature 13 .