hysteresis

The basis for the consideration of transient effects is the analysis of changes in the hysteresis loop during cyclic loading.

where [FORMULA NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] - accumulated fatigue damage till crack initiation which is characterized by the hysteresis loop's width [FORMULA NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] - accumulated fatigue damage till crack initiation which is characterized by the hysteresis loop's width [FORMULA NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], etc.

In order to determine the role of parameters on controlling the shape of the hysteresis loop, the one-factor-at-a-time method is applied.

A Weak Polar Hysteresis Loop Relation between the Polarization and the External Electric Field of FS and RS for C[H.sub.3]N[H.sub.3]Pb[I.sub.3] Film.

Rodellar, "Variation of the hysteresis loop with the Bouc-Wen model parameters," Nonlinear Dynamics, vol.

So the main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) proposing using dynamic variable step size to modify FOA; (2) discussing the effectiveness of MFOA by tests on five typical functions; (3) analyzing the influence of variation factor h on the performance of MFOA; (4) applying the MFOA to extract the parameters of hysteresis loop and analyze the simulation results compared with PSO and FOA.

For MoP-CA 2 , the hysteresis loops shifted to P/P 0 values at 0.4-0.6 with an increase in the total volume adsorbed, suggesting the existence of ink-bottle type mesopores.

The hygroscopic behaviour of cassava flour from dry and water groups at 25[degrees]C showed that both flour presented type II isotherms and a type-H3 hysteresis loop between adsorption and desorption isotherms.

(a) Hysteresis loop observed at the center of the center limb.

Eqn (3) defines the secant stiffness, [K.sub.i], of each hysteresis loop:

Comparatively with undoped ZnO film, all Ni-doped ZnO films show distinctly hysteresis loops, indicating that samples have room-temperature ferromagnetism.

The magnetic hysteresis loop of [Fe.sub.3][O.sub.4] ferrite/PANI nanocomposite at room temperature is depicted in Figure 4(b).

The Bouc-Wen model has already been verified that it is adaptive to describe the hysteresis loop of PEAs [43].

where A, [beta], [gamma], n are loop parameters controlling the shape and magnitude of the hysteresis loop.

Fatigue testing--Fatigue was measured with a hysteresis method that allows measurement of different properties simultaneously, viz,, stress, strain amplitude, stiffness, and stored and loss energies, material damping and cyclic creep behavior, A servo-hydraulic test machine (MTS 8100) with a digital controller and a software package for the evaluation of the hysteresis loop was used in this study, The available software package makes it possible to digitize the hysteresis loop of material, which is measured continuously, and a mid-curve is calculated in the hysteresis loop.