botulinum toxin

Several investigational botulinum toxins are expected to be approved by the FDA soon.

Botulinum toxin, a potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, has been used as treatment for a variety of medical indications for more than 25 years (Box, (1-12) page 10).

Botulinum toxin, a polypeptide produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria, is an acetylcholine release inhibitor in the peripheral nerve endings of the motor plate and sweat glands.

The treatment for migraines with botulinum toxins should be reserved for selected cases where conventional therapy is ineffective and symptoms are severe.

Synaptobrevin I mediates exocytosis of CGRP from sensory neurons and inhibition by botulinum toxins reflects their anti-nociceptive potential.

The use of combining phenol with botulinum toxins injections has been documented in children with cerebral palsy and central nervous degenerative diseases (8).

The most common areas for botulinum toxin treatment are the upper face, including the glabella, forehead, brows, and lateral canthal lines, or crow's feet.

* Pregnant or lactating (Botulinum toxins are classified as pregnancy category C drugs).

Botulinum toxin, "miracle poison," is one of the most potent known neurotoxins (Munchau & Bhatia, 2000; Nigam & Nigam, 2010).

Unlabeled uses of botulinum toxins: A review, part 1.

Experience with different botulinum toxins for the treatment of refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity.