acrosome

Effect of heparin and chondroitin sulfate on the acrosome reaction and fertility of bovine sperm in vitro.

Regulation of abalone sperm cyclic AMP concentration and the acrosome reaction by calcium and methylxanthines.

Lead chloride affects sperm motility and acrosome reaction in mice: lead affects mice sperm motility and acrosome reaction.

Acrosome reaction dysfunction has been proposed as one of the causes of fertilization failure.

In equine species, the co-culture with OEC-improves the capacitation of spermatozoa and in porcine the OECs conditioned medium can efficiently increase the in vitro acrosome reaction (AR) of frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa (40, 51).

In addition, the results for both CLC levels (1.5 mg/ml and 2.25 mg/ml) showed lowest acrosome reaction and highest vitality rate.

Sperm in contact with the jelly coat do not undergo an acrosome reaction involving exocytosis of the acrosomal vesicle, but in many instances they do undergo an elongation of the anterior portion of the acrosome [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURES 18, 19, 22 OMITTED].

One study showed that saquinavir, commonly used in HAART regimens, results in decreased sperm motility in vitro and negatively affects mechanisms that are essential to fertilization of an oocyte such as the acrosome reaction (50).

It also stimulates sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction at a physiological concentration in mammals.

A consensus has not been reached regarding the site where capacitation and acrosome reaction occur, i.e.

Use of a triple-stain technique to detect viability and acrosome reaction in deer spermatozoa.

This protein may be secreted from the acrosome during the acrosome reaction (24) or be implicated in sperm-egg fusion (26) and it may modulate sperm flagellar motility (25).

Finally, the sperm cells undergo a morphological change and are then ready to penetrate the oocyte membrane (the acrosome reaction) [22-28].