Sukarno

Neither Communism nor Islam much appealed to the nationalists, who were led by Achmed Sukarno and Muhammad Hatta.

military and the CIA--overthrew President Achmed Sukarno and eradicated the Indonesian Communist Party and its allies, killing half a million people (some estimates are as high as a million) in what was the most heinous act of political mass murder since the Nazi Holocaust.

The only nation to consider withdrawal seriously was Indonesia, in the 1960s, when Achmed Sukarno proclaimed the formation of a rival organization that, he said, would better serve Third World aspirations.

But Achmed Sukarno, who became the first president of Indonesia, expressed at that time his reservations about the capacity of Filipinos to govern the country, claiming that as Asians, we were not civilized enough to conduct ourselves under a true democracy because we were not yet politically mature and we still lacked the hard discipline to temper our emotions when faced with decisions requiring objectivity and transparency.